Laws of the Land

The Finance Act 2019 is a law that makes various changes to the UK's tax system. It updates tax rules, sets new tax rates, and introduces new regulations about how people and businesses pay tax to the government.

The Civil Liability Act 2018 changes the rules for personal injury claims (like car accident or slipandfall cases) in UK courts. It makes it tougher to win compensation by increasing the threshold of injury needed to claim, and it reduces the amounts people can receive, particularly for whiplash injuries.

This Act establishes the position of National Data Guardian an official person responsible for protecting people's health and social care information from misuse and breaches. They act as a guardian of your privacy in the NHS and care system, making sure your sensitive medical data is handled carefully.

This Act sets out clearer rules about when and how hospital staff can use physical force on mental health patients. It requires better training, more oversight, and clearer records of when force is used, to make sure patients' rights are protected while keeping everyone safe.

This Act allows UK prisons to use special equipment to jam or block mobile phone signals and wireless communications inside prison buildings. The goal is to stop prisoners from using phones to coordinate illegal activities, while keeping the prison more secure and reducing crime.

This Act makes landlords legally responsible for keeping rental homes fit and safe to live in. It lets renters take their landlord to court if the property has serious problems affecting health and safety, rather than just accepting poor conditions.

This Act updates how courts and tribunals are organized and run in the UK. It changes the rules about what judges and court staff can do, aiming to modernize the court system and make it work better, though the exact changes depend on government decisions that follow.

The Ivory Act 2018 bans the buying, selling, and importing of ivory in the UK. It aims to stop the trade that encourages poaching of elephants and other animals for their tusks and ivory products.

This Act sets up a fund to provide financial assistance to Members of Parliament who experience personal hardship or financial difficulties. It's essentially a welfare scheme designed specifically for MPs to help them during tough times.

This Act sets out the budget the government's spending plan for Northern Ireland in 2018. It decides how much money different government departments get to spend on public services and infrastructure that year.

This Act allows Northern Ireland's government to continue operating and making decisions when the main political parties can't agree and form an executive (the ruling government). It's a temporary safety net to keep public services running during political disagreements.

This Act changes how council tax and business rates (taxes on property) are calculated for empty homes and buildings that multiple people rent together. It aims to discourage owners from leaving properties empty and to make sure taxes are collected fairly from shared accommodation.

This Act reduces the amount of business tax that nurseries and plantgrowing grounds have to pay to local councils. It's designed to give these types of businesses financial help by lowering their operating costs.

This Act gives parents the right to take paid time off work when their child dies. It ensures they receive at least two weeks of paid leave to grieve and manage funeral arrangements, without having to use holiday allowance or risk losing income.

This Act creates a special law making it a crime to assault emergency workers (like police, paramedics, and firefighters) with harsher punishments than regular assault. It recognizes that these workers face violence while doing important jobs and aims to protect them better.

This Act sets up the legal framework for how the UK taxes goods that cross its borders. It gives the government power to decide customs duties and tax rules for imports and exports, which became more important after the UK left the European Union.

This Act sets a legal limit on how much energy companies can charge household customers for gas and electricity bills. It prevents prices rising too high and gives people protection from sudden, massive increases in their energy costs.

This Act sets up a system requiring haulage companies and trailers to be properly registered and to have permits before operating on UK roads. It's essentially a licensing and tracking system to regulate large vehicles and ensure that lorry operators meet safety and legal standards.

This Act is a formal approval of how the government plans to spend taxpayers' money during 2018. Parliament uses it to check and agree on the government's budget, deciding how much money different departments (like health, education, and defence) will receive.

This Act sets out the legal rules for electric vehicles and selfdriving cars in the UK. It clarifies who is responsible when these vehicles cause accidents (usually the insurer), defines what counts as an 'automated vehicle,' and makes sure people injured by these cars can claim compensation fairly.