Data (Use and Access) Act 2025

UK Parliament · Public Bill · No. 3825
Data (Use and Access) Act 2025
[As Introduced]
A
BILL
to
A bill to make provision about access to customer data and business data; to make provision about services consisting of the use of information to ascertain and verify facts about individuals; to make provision about the recording and sharing, and keeping of registers, of information relating to apparatus in streets; to make provision about the keeping and maintenance of registers of births and deaths; to make provision for the regulation of the processing of information relating to identified or identifiable living individuals; to make provision about privacy and electronic communications; to establish the Information Commission; to make provision about information standards for health and social care; to make provision about the grant of smart meter communication licences; to make provision about the disclosure of information to improve public service delivery; to make provision about the retention of information by providers of internet services in connection with investigations into child deaths; to make provision about providing information for purposes related to the carrying out of independent research into online safety matters; to make provision about the retention of biometric data; to make provision about services for the provision of electronic signatures, electronic seals and other trust services; to make provision about the creation and solicitation of purported intimate images and for connected purposes.
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Presented by Baroness Jones of Whitchurch
supported by Peter Kyle.
✓ Passed into lawPublicLordsRoyal Assent

Official Ballot · opengovt

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Open Govt visitors' votes562 votes

45% Aye · 25555% No · 307

Votes cast on this site by visitors who chose to vote. They are not a poll of the public.

MPs' votePassed without division

No division called, Third Reading carried on the voices.

How the Lords voted

16 formal votes in the House of Lords on this bill, newest first.

These are the occasions when peers formally divided and every vote was recorded. Most decisions in the Lords, including on many amendments, are agreed without a recorded vote, so they do not appear here.

4 June 2025Government defeated
Baroness Kidron moved Motion A1, as an amendment to Motion A, to leave out from “House” to end and insert "do insist on its Amendment 49F.”
Peers' vote337 peers
Content · 221Not content · 116
Labour 5 content, 114 not content · Conservative 83 content, 0 not content · Liberal Democrat 60 content, 0 not content · Crossbench 51 content, 2 not content · Non-affiliated 7 content, 0 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 6 content, 0 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 3 content, 0 not content · Bishops 2 content, 0 not content · Green Party 2 content, 0 not content · Plaid Cymru 2 content, 0 not content
2 June 2025Government defeated
Baroness Kidron moved Motion A1, as an amendment to Motion A, at end to insert “, and do propose Amendment 49F in lieu of Amendment 49D, 49F Before Clause 138, insert the following new Clause, “Statement and bringing forward of a draft Bill: copyright infringement, AI models, and transparency over inputs (1) Within three months of the publication of the report required by section (Report on the use of copyright works in the development of AI systems), the Secretary of State must make a statement to the House of Commons setting out his or her view on, (a) the scale of copyright infringement of works used as a data input to an artificial intelligence (AI) model, where that infringement is conducted by a relevant trader or by third parties from which they source data inputs, and whether conducted in the United Kingdom or overseas, (b) the impact of such copyright infringement on the United Kingdom economy, businesses, and individual copyright owners, (c) the impact of such copyright infringement on the ability of UK-registered companies, in particular small companies and micro-entities within the meaning of the Companies Act 2006, to compete on a level playing field in the market for AI models with relevant traders that conduct such copyright infringement (especially overseas), and (d) the adequacy of existing statutory and regulatory powers which support copyright owners in identifying and preventing such copyright infringement, including but not limited to transparency requirements on relevant traders. (2) On the same date as the statement, the Government must publish a draft Bill containing legislative proposals to provide transparency to copyright owners regarding the use of their copyright works as data inputs for AI models made available by relevant traders. (3) In this section a “relevant trader” is a trader which operates a service which, (a) includes the making available of an AI model, and (b) has links with the United Kingdom within the meaning of subsection (4). (4) The service has links with the United Kingdom if, (a) it has a significant number of United Kingdom users, or (b) United Kingdom users form one of the target markets for the service (or the only target market). (5) The draft Bill must require relevant traders to provide copyright owners with clear, relevant, accurate and accessible information that will allow them to identify, (a) the use of their copyright works used, (b) the means by which those works were accessed, and (c) the identity of third parties from which data inputs were sourced, in the pre-training, training, fine-tuning and retrieval-augmented generation of the AI model, or any other data input to the AI model. (6) The draft Bill may require relevant traders to provide copyright owners with other information from that which is required under subsection (5) to allow them to identify the legal basis for the use of their copyright works as data inputs to the AI models. (7) The draft Bill may contain provisions that apply in modified form in order that they apply proportionately to small companies and micro-entities within the meaning of the Companies Act 2006, or apply differently to UK-registered companies within the meaning of the Companies Act 2006 as opposed to companies which are not UK-registered. (8) The draft Bill must make provision for enforcement of its provisions. (9) The Secretary of State must, in the statement required under subsection (1) or in an accompanying document, set out his or her view on the expected effectiveness of the legislative proposals set out in the draft Bill required under subsection (2) for supporting copyright owners in identifying and preventing copyright infringement by relevant traders and third parties from which they source data inputs, whether that infringement is conducted in the United Kingdom or overseas. (10) The Secretary of State must lay the draft Bill before the relevant Parliamentary Committee in both Houses for pre-legislative scrutiny. (11) The “relevant Parliamentary Committee” is a reference to the Parliamentary Committee in each House, or the joint Committee of both Houses, which, (a) is charged with responsibility by its House or by both Houses for the purposes of this section, and (b) has notified the Secretary of State that it is a relevant Parliamentary Committee for those purposes.””
Peers' vote358 peers
Content · 242Not content · 116
Labour 7 content, 110 not content · Conservative 95 content, 1 not content · Crossbench 57 content, 4 not content · Liberal Democrat 57 content, 0 not content · Non-affiliated 12 content, 1 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 5 content, 0 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 3 content, 0 not content · Bishops 2 content, 0 not content · Green Party 2 content, 0 not content · Plaid Cymru 2 content, 0 not content
19 May 2025Government defeated
Baroness Kidron moved Motion C1, as an amendment to Motion C, at end to insert “, and do propose Amendment 49D in lieu of Amendment 49B, 49D Before Clause 138, insert the following new Clause, “Requirement to make provision in relation to transparency of copyrighted works used in relation to AI models (1) The Secretary of State or the Treasury must by regulations make provision as set out in this section in relation to a trader which operates a service which, (a) includes the making available of an artificial intelligence (AI) model, and (b) has links with the United Kingdom within the meaning of subsection (2). (2) The service has links with the United Kingdom if, (a) it has a significant number of United Kingdom users, or (b) United Kingdom users form one of the target markets for the service (or the only target market). (3) The regulations must require relevant traders to provide copyright owners with clear, relevant, accurate and accessible information that will allow them to identify, (a) the use of their copyright works used, and (b) the means by which those works were accessed, in the pre-training, training, fine-tuning and retrieval-augmented generation of the AI model, or any other data input to the AI model. (4) The regulations may provide that the regulations apply in modified form in order that they apply proportionately to small companies and micro-entities within the meaning of the Companies Act 2006, or apply differently to UK-registered companies within the meaning of the Companies Act 2006 as opposed to companies which are not UK-registered. (5) Regulations made under this section may make provision for enforcement of their provisions. (6) The Secretary of State or the Treasury must lay before Parliament a draft of the statutory instrument containing regulations made under this section within six months of the publication of the report on the use of copyright works in the development of AI systems required by section (Report on the use of copyright works in the development of AI systems), and the regulations are subject to the affirmative procedure.””
Peers' vote407 peers
Content · 289Not content · 118
Labour 18 content, 114 not content · Conservative 123 content, 0 not content · Crossbench 67 content, 1 not content · Liberal Democrat 58 content, 0 not content · Non-affiliated 11 content, 3 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 4 content, 0 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 3 content, 0 not content · Green Party 2 content, 0 not content · Plaid Cymru 2 content, 0 not content · Bishops 1 content, 0 not content
12 May 2025Government defeated
Viscount Camrose moved Amendment 52A, as an amendment to the motion that this House do agree with the Commons in their Amendment 52, to leave out from “House” to end and insert “do disagree with the Commons in their Amendment 52, and do propose Amendments 52B and 52C to the words so restored to the Bill, 52B Clause 140, page 173, line 15, leave out “core personal data attributes” and insert “sex data” 52C Clause 140, page 173, line 21, at end insert, “(3) For the purposes of this section, sex data must be collected in accordance with the following category terms and definitions, (a) “sex” meaning male or female only based on “sex at birth”, “natal sex” or “biological sex” (these terms carrying the same meaning and capable of being used interchangeably), and (b) in addition, where it is lawful to do so in accordance with data protection legislation and the Gender Recognition Act 2004, “acquired gender” meaning male or female only, as recorded on a gender recognition certificate issued in accordance with the Gender Recognition Act 2004.””
Peers' vote316 peers
Content · 164Not content · 152
Conservative 151 content, 0 not content · Labour 0 content, 137 not content · Crossbench 6 content, 7 not content · Non-affiliated 4 content, 3 not content · Liberal Democrat 1 content, 4 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 2 content, 0 not content · Plaid Cymru 0 content, 1 not content
12 May 2025Government defeated
Baroness Kidron moved Amendment 49A, as an amendment to the motion that this House do agree with the Commons in their Amendment 49, at end to insert “, and do propose Amendment 49B instead of the words so left out of the Bill, 49B Before Clause 138, insert the following new Clause, “Requirement to make provision in relation to transparency of business data used in relation to AI models (1) The Secretary of State or the Treasury must by regulations make provision as set out in this section in relation to a trader which operates a service which, (a) includes the making available of an artificial intelligence (AI) model, and (b) has links with the United Kingdom within the meaning of subsection (2), and in relation to a data holder for the business data of such a trader. (2) The service has links with the United Kingdom if, (a) it has a significant number of United Kingdom users, or (b) United Kingdom users form one of the target markets for the service (or the only target market). (3) A “data holder” for the business data of such a trader means, (a) the trader, or (b) a person who, in the course of a business, processes that data. (4) The regulations must require specified business data to be published by the trader or the data holder so as to provide copyright owners with information regarding the text and data used in the pre-training, training, fine-tuning and retrieval-augmented generation in the AI model, or any other data input to the AI model. (5) The regulations must require the business data to be published by the trader or the data holder in such form, at such intervals and in such manner as the regulations may prescribe, in particular so as to ensure that it is accessible to copyright owners upon request. (6) The regulations must require the trader or the data holder, when publishing the business data as required under subsections (4) and (5), to provide an effective mechanism to allow copyright owners to identify all individual works that they own that are used in the pre-training, training, fine-tuning and retrieval-augmented generation in the AI model, or any other data input to the AI model. (7) The regulations may provide that the regulations apply in modified form in order that they apply proportionately to small companies and micro-entities within the meaning of the Companies Act 2006, or apply differently to UK-registered companies within the meaning of the Companies Act 2006 as opposed to companies which are not UK-registered. (8) The regulations must require the trader, if bots are used in the making available of its AI model, to disclose information regarding the identity of such bots used by them or by third parties on their behalf, including but not limited to, (a) the name of the bot, (b) the legal entity responsible for the bot, and (c) the specific purposes for which each bot is used. (9) In this section “bot” means an autonomous software application that can interact with systems or users (including crawlers and fetchers) and which obtains data from websites in accordance with instructions. (10) The regulations must make provision for enforcement of the regulations made under this section in accordance with sections 8 (enforcement of regulations under this Part), 9 (restrictions on powers of investigation etc) and 10 (financial penalties) of this Act as if this section were in Part 1 of this Act. (11) The Secretary of State or the Treasury must lay before Parliament a draft of the statutory instrument containing regulations under this section within 12 months of the day on which this Act is passed and the regulations are subject to the affirmative procedure.””
Peers' vote397 peers
Content · 272Not content · 125
Conservative 156 content, 0 not content · Labour 7 content, 120 not content · Liberal Democrat 53 content, 0 not content · Crossbench 39 content, 3 not content · Non-affiliated 10 content, 2 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 2 content, 0 not content · Green Party 2 content, 0 not content · Bishops 1 content, 0 not content · Plaid Cymru 1 content, 0 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 1 content, 0 not content

Show 11 earlier Lords votes

12 May 2025Government defeated
Viscount Colville of Culross moved Amendment 43A, as an amendment to the motion that this House do agree with the Commons in their Amendment 43, at end to insert “, and do propose Amendment 43B instead of the words so left out of the Bill, 43B Clause 67, page 75, line 28, at end insert, “2A. For the purposes of paragraph 2, “scientific research” means creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humankind, culture and society, and to devise new applications of available knowledge. 2B. To meet the reasonableness test in paragraph 2, the activity being described as scientific research must be conducted according to appropriate ethical, legal and professional frameworks, obligations and standards.””
Peers' vote457 peers
Content · 289Not content · 168
Conservative 178 content, 0 not content · Labour 0 content, 144 not content · Liberal Democrat 62 content, 0 not content · Crossbench 34 content, 18 not content · Non-affiliated 8 content, 5 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 3 content, 0 not content · Green Party 2 content, 0 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 2 content, 0 not content · Plaid Cymru 0 content, 1 not content
12 May 2025Government defeated
Viscount Camrose moved Amendment 32A, as an amendment to the motion that this House do agree with the Commons in their Amendment 32, to leave out from “House” to end and insert “do disagree with the Commons in their Amendment 32, and do propose Amendments 32B and 32C to the words so restored to the Bill, 32B Clause 28, page 30, line 34, leave out “personal data attributes” and insert “sex data” 32C Clause 28, page 30, line 34, at end insert, “(3A) For the purposes of subsection (3), sex data is reliably ascertained if it is collected in accordance with the following category terms and definitions, (a) “sex” meaning male or female only based on “sex at birth”, “natal sex” or “biological sex” (these terms carrying the same meaning and capable of being used interchangeably); and (b) in addition, where it is lawful to do so in accordance with data protection legislation and the Gender Recognition Act 2004, “acquired gender” meaning male or female only, as recorded on a gender recognition certificate issued in accordance with the Gender Recognition Act 2004.””
Peers' vote383 peers
Content · 200Not content · 183
Conservative 174 content, 0 not content · Labour 0 content, 145 not content · Crossbench 11 content, 29 not content · Non-affiliated 7 content, 6 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 5 content, 0 not content · Liberal Democrat 1 content, 2 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 2 content, 0 not content · Plaid Cymru 0 content, 1 not content
5 February 2025Government defeated
Baroness Owen of Alderley Edge moved amendment 6, as an amendment to amendment 2, in inserted section 66E(6), to leave out “a fine” and insert “imprisonment for a term not exceeding the maximum term for a summary offence or a fine (or both)”.
Peers' vote434 peers
Content · 302Not content · 132
Conservative 183 content, 0 not content · Labour 0 content, 128 not content · Crossbench 49 content, 2 not content · Liberal Democrat 47 content, 0 not content · Non-affiliated 10 content, 2 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 5 content, 0 not content · Bishops 2 content, 0 not content · Green Party 2 content, 0 not content · Plaid Cymru 2 content, 0 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 2 content, 0 not content
5 February 2025Government defeated
Baroness Owen of Alderley Edge moved amendment 5, as an amendment to amendment 2, in inserted section 66E, to leave out subsection 5.
Peers' vote448 peers
Content · 318Not content · 130
Conservative 188 content, 0 not content · Labour 3 content, 121 not content · Crossbench 56 content, 6 not content · Liberal Democrat 48 content, 0 not content · Non-affiliated 10 content, 3 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 5 content, 0 not content · Bishops 2 content, 0 not content · Green Party 2 content, 0 not content · Plaid Cymru 2 content, 0 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 2 content, 0 not content
28 January 2025Government defeated
Lord Lucas moved amendment 67, after clause 132, to insert the new clause Data dictionary.
Peers' vote225 peers
Content · 120Not content · 105
Conservative 116 content, 0 not content · Labour 0 content, 100 not content · Liberal Democrat 0 content, 4 not content · Crossbench 1 content, 1 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 1 content, 0 not content · Non-affiliated 1 content, 0 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 1 content, 0 not content
28 January 2025Government defeated
Baroness Kidron moved amendment 44A, in clause 94, page 119, line 1, at end to insert, “(1) In the 2018 Act, in section 139, after subsection (2) insert, “(2A) The report must include an assessment of the Commissioner’s performance of the duties assigned to it by regulations under section (Enforcement) of the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025.””
Peers' vote271 peers
Content · 145Not content · 126
Labour 4 content, 122 not content · Liberal Democrat 54 content, 0 not content · Crossbench 49 content, 4 not content · Conservative 22 content, 0 not content · Non-affiliated 9 content, 0 not content · Green Party 2 content, 0 not content · Plaid Cymru 2 content, 0 not content · Bishops 1 content, 0 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 1 content, 0 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 1 content, 0 not content
21 January 2025Government won
Viscount Camrose moved amendment 26, in clause 80, page 94, line 24, at end to insert, “3. When an automated decision-making process involves artificial intelligence (AI), the AI programme must have due regard for the following principles, (a) safety, security, and robustness; (b) appropriate transparency and explainability; (c) fairness; (d) accountability and governance; (e) contestability and redress.”
Peers' vote191 peers
Content · 79Not content · 112
Labour 0 content, 109 not content · Conservative 70 content, 0 not content · Crossbench 4 content, 1 not content · Non-affiliated 0 content, 2 not content · Bishops 1 content, 0 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 1 content, 0 not content · Green Party 1 content, 0 not content · Plaid Cymru 1 content, 0 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 1 content, 0 not content
21 January 2025Government defeated
Viscount Colville of Culross moved amendment 14, in clause 67, page 75, line 10, after “scientific” to insert “and that is conducted in the public interest”.
Peers' vote396 peers
Content · 258Not content · 138
Conservative 160 content, 0 not content · Labour 0 content, 133 not content · Liberal Democrat 54 content, 0 not content · Crossbench 28 content, 3 not content · Non-affiliated 6 content, 2 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 5 content, 0 not content · Green Party 2 content, 0 not content · Plaid Cymru 2 content, 0 not content · Bishops 1 content, 0 not content
21 January 2025Government defeated
Viscount Camrose moved amendment 11, in clause 56, page 53, line 17, at end to insert, “(2A) The Secretary of State must provide guidance to relevant stakeholders on cyber-security measures before they may receive information from NUAR.”
Peers' vote348 peers
Content · 186Not content · 162
Conservative 170 content, 0 not content · Labour 0 content, 137 not content · Crossbench 6 content, 21 not content · Non-affiliated 6 content, 2 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 3 content, 0 not content · Plaid Cymru 0 content, 2 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 1 content, 0 not content
21 January 2025Government won
Lord Clement-Jones moved amendment 7, in clause 28, page 31, line 22, at end to insert, “(11) The Secretary of State must lay the DVS trust framework before Parliament.”
Peers' vote244 peers
Content · 87Not content · 157
Labour 0 content, 142 not content · Liberal Democrat 56 content, 0 not content · Crossbench 22 content, 11 not content · Non-affiliated 3 content, 2 not content · Conservative 2 content, 0 not content · Green Party 2 content, 0 not content · Plaid Cymru 0 content, 2 not content · Bishops 1 content, 0 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 1 content, 0 not content
21 January 2025Government defeated
Lord Lucas moved amendment 6, in clause 28, page 30, line 28, at end to insert, “(2A) In preparing the DVS trust framework the Secretary of State must assess whether the public authorities listed in subsection (2B) reliably ascertain the personal data attributes that they collect, record and share. (2B) The public authorities are, (a) HM Passport Office; (b) Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency; (c) General Register Office; (d) National Records Office; (e) General Register Office for Northern Ireland; (f) NHS Personal Demographics Service; (g) NHS Scotland; (h) NI Health Service Executive; (i) Home Office Online immigration status (eVisa); (j) Disclosure and Barring Service; (k) Disclosure Scotland; (l) Nidirect (AccessNI); (m) HM Revenue and Customs; (n) Welsh Revenue Authority; (o) Revenue Scotland.”
Peers' vote364 peers
Content · 205Not content · 159
Conservative 175 content, 0 not content · Labour 0 content, 137 not content · Crossbench 20 content, 13 not content · Non-affiliated 4 content, 2 not content · Liberal Democrat 1 content, 2 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 3 content, 0 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 2 content, 0 not content · Green Party 0 content, 2 not content · Plaid Cymru 0 content, 2 not content · Bishops 0 content, 1 not content

Lords votes last updated 18 October 2026. Source: UK Parliament Lords Votes API.