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UK Parliament · Public Bill · No. 3946

Planning and Infrastructure Act 2025

[As Introduced]
A
BILL
to

A Bill to make provision about infrastructure; to make provision about town and country planning; to make provision for a scheme, administered by Natural England, for a nature restoration levy payable by developers; to make provision about development corporations; to make provision about the compulsory purchase of land; to make provision about environmental outcomes reports; and for connected purposes.

Presented by Angela Rayner
supported by Baroness Taylor of Stevenage.
✓ Passed into lawPublicCommonsRoyal Assent
Official Ballot · opengovt

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Open Govt visitors' votes683 votes
42% Aye · 28558% No · 398

Votes cast on this site by visitors who chose to vote. They are not a poll of the public.

MPs' vote480 MPs
64% Ayes · 30636% Noes · 174

Commons division: Planning and Infrastructure Bill: Third Reading, 10 June 2025

Gap between site voters and MPs

22 percentage points, a wide gap

Outcome mismatch: site voters would block this bill, but MPs passed it in this division.

How the Lords voted

30 formal votes in the House of Lords on this bill, newest first.

These are the occasions when peers formally divided and every vote was recorded. Most decisions in the Lords, including on many amendments, are agreed without a recorded vote, so they do not appear here.

  • 24 November 2025Government won

    The Lord Bishop of Norwich moved Motion H1, as an amendment to Motion H, at end to insert “, and do propose Amendment 38B in lieu, 38B After Clause 52, insert the following new Clause, “Chalk streams (1) The Secretary of State must, within 12 months of the day on which this Act is passed, by regulations made by statutory instrument, provide guidance to strategic planning authorities on how they must, in delivering their planning functions, take into account the need to define, protect and enhance chalk stream habitats. (2) A statutory instrument containing regulations under this section may not be made unless a draft of the instrument has been laid before, and approved by a resolution of, each House of Parliament.””

    Peers' vote213 peers
    Content · 81Not content · 132

    Labour 1 content, 125 not content · Liberal Democrat 53 content, 0 not content · Crossbench 12 content, 5 not content · Conservative 8 content, 0 not content · Non-affiliated 3 content, 1 not content · Green Party 2 content, 0 not content · Bishops 1 content, 0 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 0 content, 1 not content · Plaid Cymru 1 content, 0 not content

  • 3 November 2025Government won

    Baroness Coffey moved amendment 245, after clause 108, to insert the new clause Building regulations: swift bricks.

    Peers' vote138 peers
    Content · 36Not content · 102

    Labour 0 content, 102 not content · Conservative 20 content, 0 not content · Crossbench 6 content, 0 not content · Liberal Democrat 6 content, 0 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 1 content, 0 not content · Green Party 1 content, 0 not content · Non-affiliated 1 content, 0 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 1 content, 0 not content

  • 3 November 2025Government won

    Baroness Scott of Bybrook moved amendment 239, after clause 106, to insert the new clause Protection of villages.

    Peers' vote183 peers
    Content · 58Not content · 125

    Labour 0 content, 123 not content · Conservative 37 content, 0 not content · Liberal Democrat 9 content, 0 not content · Crossbench 7 content, 1 not content · Green Party 2 content, 0 not content · Non-affiliated 1 content, 1 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 1 content, 0 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 1 content, 0 not content

  • 3 November 2025Government won

    Lord Fuller moved amendment 238, in clause 96, page 130, line 15, at end to insert, “(c) the funding and financing of development proposals, which may extend to the issuance of bonds, debt or similar financial instruments.”

    Peers' vote219 peers
    Content · 72Not content · 147

    Labour 0 content, 135 not content · Conservative 60 content, 0 not content · Crossbench 5 content, 9 not content · Non-affiliated 3 content, 1 not content · Green Party 0 content, 2 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 2 content, 0 not content · Bishops 1 content, 0 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 1 content, 0 not content

  • 3 November 2025Government won

    Baroness Willis of Summertown moved amendment 237, after clause 95, to insert the new clause Provision of great and blue spaces.

    Peers' vote243 peers
    Content · 107Not content · 136

    Labour 1 content, 133 not content · Conservative 61 content, 0 not content · Crossbench 21 content, 2 not content · Liberal Democrat 16 content, 0 not content · Non-affiliated 3 content, 1 not content · Green Party 2 content, 0 not content · Bishops 1 content, 0 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 1 content, 0 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 1 content, 0 not content

Show 25 earlier Lords votes
  • 3 November 2025Government won

    Lord Roborough moved amendment 208, to leave out clause 90.

    Peers' vote340 peers
    Content · 162Not content · 178

    Conservative 144 content, 0 not content · Labour 0 content, 138 not content · Liberal Democrat 0 content, 25 not content · Crossbench 8 content, 13 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 4 content, 0 not content · Non-affiliated 3 content, 1 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 3 content, 0 not content · Green Party 0 content, 1 not content

  • 29 October 2025Government won

    The Earl of Caithness moved amendment 183A, in clause 77, page 110, line 19, after “unless” insert “21 days’”.

    Peers' vote165 peers
    Content · 50Not content · 115

    Labour 0 content, 105 not content · Conservative 42 content, 0 not content · Liberal Democrat 0 content, 7 not content · Crossbench 4 content, 2 not content · Non-affiliated 1 content, 1 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 2 content, 0 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 1 content, 0 not content

  • 29 October 2025Government won

    Lord Curry of Kirkharle moved amendment 182A, in clause 76, page 110, line 3, to leave out subsections (3) to (5) and insert, “(3) Natural England must pay another person to take conservation measures with regard to its duties under subsection (1)(b), or to monitor EDPs with regard to its duties under subsection (1)(c). (4) Before commissioning another person to take conservation measures or monitor EDPs with regard to subsection (3), Natural England must first set out which private market solutions were explored to address an environmental impact on an identified environmental feature, and why no existing and available private market solution was deemed sufficient or suitable. (5) When commissioning conservation measures or monitoring under subsection (3) with regard to subsections (1)(b) and (1)(c), Natural England must undertake an open competitive tender process. (6) Natural England cannot undertake conservation measures itself unless it can show that no individual or body is willing to undertake conservation measures on its behalf. (7) In the event that Natural England undertakes conservation measures itself, it must first attempt to purchase the land in question at market value. (8) In monitoring an EDP under subsection (1)(c) Natural England must take sufficient measures to monitor, (a) the effectiveness of the conservation measures that have been implemented, and (b) the effects of the EDP in general. (9) When commissioning monitoring with regard to subsection (1)(c), Natural England must have regard to guidance issued by the Secretary of State.”

    Peers' vote165 peers
    Content · 52Not content · 113

    Labour 0 content, 110 not content · Conservative 42 content, 0 not content · Crossbench 5 content, 1 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 2 content, 0 not content · Non-affiliated 1 content, 1 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 2 content, 0 not content · Green Party 0 content, 1 not content

  • 29 October 2025Government defeated

    Baroness Willis of Summertown moved amendment 130, in clause 55, page 91, line 38, at end to insert, “(2A) An environmental impact identified in an EDP may only affect nutrient neutrality, water quality, water resource or air quality.”

    Peers' vote401 peers
    Content · 260Not content · 141

    Conservative 159 content, 0 not content · Labour 1 content, 130 not content · Liberal Democrat 52 content, 1 not content · Crossbench 34 content, 9 not content · Non-affiliated 8 content, 1 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 2 content, 0 not content · Green Party 2 content, 0 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 2 content, 0 not content

  • 29 October 2025Government won

    Baroness Neville-Rolfe moved amendment 119, after clause 52, to insert the new clause Planning process: duty to consider small and medium-sized enterprise.

    Peers' vote321 peers
    Content · 133Not content · 188

    Labour 0 content, 122 not content · Conservative 107 content, 0 not content · Liberal Democrat 0 content, 49 not content · Crossbench 22 content, 12 not content · Non-affiliated 2 content, 3 not content · Green Party 0 content, 2 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 1 content, 0 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 1 content, 0 not content

  • 29 October 2025Government won

    Lord Foster of Bath moved amendment 117, after clause 52, to insert the new clause Permission for gambling premises: cumulative impact assessments.

    Peers' vote225 peers
    Content · 97Not content · 128

    Labour 0 content, 118 not content · Liberal Democrat 51 content, 0 not content · Crossbench 29 content, 9 not content · Conservative 9 content, 0 not content · Non-affiliated 5 content, 0 not content · Green Party 2 content, 0 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 1 content, 0 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 0 content, 1 not content

  • 27 October 2025Government won

    Lord Addington moved amendment 107, after clause 52, to insert the new clause Preservation of playing fields and pitches.

    Peers' vote117 peers
    Content · 24Not content · 93

    Labour 0 content, 91 not content · Conservative 10 content, 0 not content · Liberal Democrat 10 content, 0 not content · Crossbench 3 content, 1 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 0 content, 1 not content · Green Party 1 content, 0 not content

  • 27 October 2025Government won

    Lord Banner moved amendment 105, after clause 52, to insert the new clause Relationship between overlapping permissions.

    Peers' vote159 peers
    Content · 49Not content · 110

    Labour 0 content, 108 not content · Conservative 36 content, 0 not content · Liberal Democrat 7 content, 0 not content · Crossbench 4 content, 1 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 1 content, 0 not content · Green Party 1 content, 0 not content · Plaid Cymru 0 content, 1 not content

  • 27 October 2025Government won

    Lord Banner moved amendment 103, after clause 52, to insert the new clause Principle of proportionality in planning.

    Peers' vote179 peers
    Content · 46Not content · 133

    Labour 0 content, 117 not content · Conservative 41 content, 0 not content · Liberal Democrat 0 content, 11 not content · Crossbench 4 content, 2 not content · Plaid Cymru 0 content, 2 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 1 content, 0 not content · Green Party 0 content, 1 not content

  • 27 October 2025Government defeated

    Baroness Scott of Bybrook moved amendment 96, in clause 52, page 73, line 29, at end to insert, “(9A) A spatial development strategy must prioritise development on brownfield land and urban densification. (9B) A spatial development strategy must seek to increase sustainability and community building by minimising travel distances between places of employment, residence and commercial or leisure activities.”

    Peers' vote305 peers
    Content · 166Not content · 139

    Labour 0 content, 133 not content · Conservative 119 content, 0 not content · Liberal Democrat 25 content, 0 not content · Crossbench 10 content, 4 not content · Non-affiliated 2 content, 2 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 3 content, 0 not content · Green Party 2 content, 0 not content · Plaid Cymru 2 content, 0 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 2 content, 0 not content · Bishops 1 content, 0 not content

  • 27 October 2025Government defeated

    The Lord Bishop of Norwich moved amendment 94, in clause 52, page 73, line 22, at end to insert, “(6A) A spatial development strategy must, (a) list any chalk streams identified in the strategy area; (b) identify the measures to be taken to protect any identified chalk streams from pollution, abstraction, encroachment and other forms of environmental damage; and (c) impose responsibilities on strategic planning authorities in relation to the protection and enhancement of chalk stream habitats.”

    Peers' vote333 peers
    Content · 196Not content · 137

    Labour 0 content, 134 not content · Conservative 126 content, 0 not content · Liberal Democrat 46 content, 0 not content · Crossbench 13 content, 1 not content · Non-affiliated 3 content, 2 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 3 content, 0 not content · Green Party 2 content, 0 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 2 content, 0 not content · Bishops 1 content, 0 not content

  • 27 October 2025Government won

    Baroness Pinnock moved amendment 87FD, after clause 51, to insert the new clause Planning permission: Responsible Actors Scheme members.

    Peers' vote240 peers
    Content · 83Not content · 157

    Labour 0 content, 139 not content · Liberal Democrat 57 content, 0 not content · Crossbench 17 content, 13 not content · Non-affiliated 3 content, 4 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 2 content, 1 not content · Conservative 2 content, 0 not content · Green Party 2 content, 0 not content

  • 27 October 2025Government defeated

    Baroness Coffey moved amendment 87D, after clause 51, to insert the new clause Permitted development and demolition: assets of community value.

    Peers' vote400 peers
    Content · 243Not content · 157

    Conservative 145 content, 0 not content · Labour 0 content, 140 not content · Liberal Democrat 55 content, 0 not content · Crossbench 30 content, 13 not content · Non-affiliated 7 content, 4 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 2 content, 0 not content · Green Party 2 content, 0 not content · Bishops 1 content, 0 not content · Plaid Cymru 1 content, 0 not content

  • 27 October 2025Government won

    Baroness Jones of Moulsecoomb moved amendment 86, after clause 51, to insert the new clause Promotion of distributed water supply.

    Peers' vote269 peers
    Content · 84Not content · 185

    Labour 0 content, 146 not content · Crossbench 20 content, 31 not content · Liberal Democrat 50 content, 0 not content · Non-affiliated 2 content, 6 not content · Conservative 7 content, 0 not content · Green Party 2 content, 0 not content · Plaid Cymru 2 content, 0 not content · Bishops 1 content, 0 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 0 content, 1 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 0 content, 1 not content

  • 22 October 2025Government won

    Baroness Scott of Bybrook moved amendment 74, after clause 51, to insert the new clause Use of houses in multiple occupation as accommodation for asylum seekers requirement for planning permission.

    Peers' vote197 peers
    Content · 84Not content · 113

    Labour 0 content, 105 not content · Conservative 82 content, 0 not content · Crossbench 1 content, 5 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 1 content, 0 not content · Green Party 0 content, 1 not content · Non-affiliated 0 content, 1 not content · Plaid Cymru 0 content, 1 not content

  • 22 October 2025Government won

    Baroness Scott of Bybrook moved amendment 73, after clause 51, to insert the new clause Use of hotels as accommodation for asylum seekers: requirement for planning permission.

    Peers' vote196 peers
    Content · 83Not content · 113

    Labour 0 content, 105 not content · Conservative 81 content, 0 not content · Crossbench 1 content, 5 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 1 content, 0 not content · Green Party 0 content, 1 not content · Non-affiliated 0 content, 1 not content · Plaid Cymru 0 content, 1 not content

  • 22 October 2025Government defeated

    Baroness Taylor of Stevenage moved amendment 64, after clause 51, to insert the new clause Directions restricting refusal of planning permission in England.

    Peers' vote399 peers
    Content · 163Not content · 236

    Labour 148 content, 0 not content · Conservative 0 content, 146 not content · Liberal Democrat 1 content, 52 not content · Crossbench 10 content, 26 not content · Non-affiliated 4 content, 6 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 0 content, 3 not content · Green Party 0 content, 2 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 0 content, 1 not content

  • 22 October 2025Government defeated

    Lord Lansley moved amendment 63, in clause 51, page 69, line 22, at end to insert, “(3) In section 333 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (regulations and orders), after subsection (3ZAA), insert, “(3ZAB) The first regulations under sections 319ZZC or 319ZZD may not be made unless a draft of the instrument containing the regulations has been laid before, and approved by a resolution of, each House of Parliament. (3ZAC) Regulations made under sections 319ZZC or 319ZZD are subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament (except for the first such regulations).””

    Peers' vote415 peers
    Content · 246Not content · 169

    Conservative 157 content, 1 not content · Labour 0 content, 148 not content · Liberal Democrat 49 content, 0 not content · Crossbench 30 content, 15 not content · Non-affiliated 6 content, 5 not content · Green Party 2 content, 0 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 1 content, 0 not content · Plaid Cymru 1 content, 0 not content

  • 22 October 2025Government defeated

    Baroness McIntosh of Pickering moved amendment 56, after clause 47, to insert the new clause Deregulation of low hazard reservoirs.

    Peers' vote293 peers
    Content · 173Not content · 120

    Conservative 143 content, 0 not content · Labour 0 content, 111 not content · Crossbench 20 content, 7 not content · Non-affiliated 4 content, 1 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 4 content, 0 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 1 content, 1 not content · Green Party 1 content, 0 not content

  • 22 October 2025Government defeated

    Lord Borwick moved amendment 55, in clause 47, page 60, line 20, at end to insert, “(10) The Automated and Electric Vehicles Act 2018 is amended as set out in subsections (11) and (12). (11) In section 10 (public charging or refuelling points: access, standards and connection), (a) in subsection (1), after paragraph (b) insert, “(ba) the accessibility of public charging or refuelling points;”; (b) after subsection (3) insert, “(3A) Regulations under subsection (1)(ba) may, for example, require the operator of a public charging or refuelling point to ensure that the point complies with minimum specifications for placement of a charge point display, bay size, and the height and weight of the charging cable for the purpose of ensuring accessibility for disabled people.”. (12) In section 14 (transmission of data relating to charge points), in subsection (2) after “energy consumption” insert “, accessibility”.”

    Peers' vote341 peers
    Content · 228Not content · 113

    Conservative 144 content, 0 not content · Labour 0 content, 102 not content · Liberal Democrat 47 content, 0 not content · Crossbench 23 content, 10 not content · Non-affiliated 5 content, 1 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 3 content, 0 not content · Green Party 2 content, 0 not content · Plaid Cymru 2 content, 0 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 2 content, 0 not content

  • 20 October 2025Government won

    Lord Fuller moved amendment 43, after clause 28, to insert the new clause Prohibition on the application of the nationally significant infrastructure projects regime to large-scale solar developments on the best and most versatile land.

    Peers' vote89 peers
    Content · 32Not content · 57

    Labour 0 content, 50 not content · Conservative 27 content, 0 not content · Liberal Democrat 0 content, 6 not content · Crossbench 1 content, 1 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 2 content, 0 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 1 content, 0 not content · Plaid Cymru 1 content, 0 not content

  • 20 October 2025Government won

    Baroness Pinnock moved amendment 12, in clause 5, page 10, line 24, at end insert, “(7A) In issuing guidance under this section the Secretary of State must have regard to the need to ensure pre-application consultation is meaningful, including, but not limited to, adherence to the following principles, (a) pre-application consultation should be open and transparent with information and evidence provided in a timely and straightforward fashion to provide affected or interested parties with objective and relevant information to enable them to make an informed response; (b) applicants should demonstrate a responsive approach to queries and challenges raised; (c) applicants should ensure consultation and engagement activities are inclusive and enable affected or interested parties to have a reasonable opportunity to participate; (d) applicants’ interpretation and representation of results should be fair and objective; (e) all pre-application consultation should be undertaken through meaningful engagement with communities and stakeholders, offering genuine opportunities to influence proposals; (f) pre-application engagement should be proportionate, with applicants providing the right level of information to enable positive outcomes to be delivered.”

    Peers' vote215 peers
    Content · 61Not content · 154

    Labour 0 content, 139 not content · Liberal Democrat 50 content, 0 not content · Crossbench 7 content, 9 not content · Conservative 3 content, 0 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 0 content, 3 not content · Non-affiliated 0 content, 2 not content · Green Party 1 content, 0 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 0 content, 1 not content

  • 20 October 2025Government defeated

    Baroness Scott of Bybrook moved amendment 7B, after clause 2, to insert the new clause Projects relating to water which require the demolition of villages.

    Peers' vote395 peers
    Content · 227Not content · 168

    Conservative 150 content, 0 not content · Labour 0 content, 142 not content · Liberal Democrat 50 content, 0 not content · Crossbench 15 content, 22 not content · Non-affiliated 4 content, 4 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 2 content, 0 not content · Green Party 2 content, 0 not content · Plaid Cymru 2 content, 0 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 2 content, 0 not content

  • 20 October 2025Government defeated

    Lord Parkinson of Whitley Bay moved amendment 7A, as an amendment to amendment 4, after subsection (6) to insert, “(7) Part 4 of the Planning Act 2008 (Requirement for development consent) is amended as set out in subsection (8). (8) In section 33 (Effect of requirement for development consent on other consent regimes), after subsection (1), insert, “(1A) Paragraphs (f), (g), (i) and (j) of subsection (1) do not apply in relation to projects falling within section 14(1)(m) (dams and reservoirs).””

    Peers' vote391 peers
    Content · 216Not content · 175

    Conservative 146 content, 0 not content · Labour 0 content, 141 not content · Liberal Democrat 48 content, 0 not content · Crossbench 11 content, 29 not content · Non-affiliated 4 content, 5 not content · Green Party 2 content, 0 not content · Plaid Cymru 2 content, 0 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 2 content, 0 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 1 content, 0 not content

  • 20 October 2025Government defeated

    Baroness Coffey moved amendment 3, in clause 2, page 3, line 33, to leave out subsection (3).

    Peers' vote399 peers
    Content · 235Not content · 164

    Conservative 160 content, 0 not content · Labour 0 content, 136 not content · Liberal Democrat 47 content, 0 not content · Crossbench 18 content, 23 not content · Non-affiliated 5 content, 4 not content · Green Party 1 content, 1 not content · Plaid Cymru 2 content, 0 not content · Democratic Unionist Party 1 content, 0 not content · Ulster Unionist Party 1 content, 0 not content

Lords votes last updated 18 October 2026. Source: UK Parliament Lords Votes API.

Sponsored by

Angela Rayner
Angela Rayner
LabourAshton-under-Lyne

Bill passage

Commons

  • 1st reading11 Mar 2025
  • 2nd reading24 Mar 2025
  • Committee stage24 Apr 2025
  • Report stage9 Jun 2025
  • 3rd reading10 Jun 2025

Lords

  • 1st reading12 Jun 2025
  • 2nd reading25 Jun 2025
  • Committee stage17 Jul 2025
  • Report stage20 Oct 2025
  • 3rd reading10 Nov 2025
Royal Assent18 Dec 2025